{"id":87540,"date":"2026-08-01T22:30:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T19:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.indir.com\/haber\/?p=87540"},"modified":"2026-07-31T17:49:57","modified_gmt":"2026-07-31T14:49:57","slug":"ilk-bilgisayar-virusu-nasil-dogdu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.indir.com\/haber\/ilk-bilgisayar-virusu-nasil-dogdu\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130lk Bilgisayar Vir\u00fcs\u00fc Nas\u0131l Do\u011fdu?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Siber g\u00fcvenlik bug\u00fcn milyarlarca dolarl\u0131k bir sekt\u00f6r, ancak her \u015fey son derece masum bir deneyle ba\u015flad\u0131. Bug\u00fcn bilgisayar vir\u00fcs\u00fc denince akla fidye yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131nan banka bilgileri ve kilitlenen hastane sistemleri geliyor. Oysa ilk \u00f6rnekler zarar vermek i\u00e7in de\u011fil, sadece bir merak\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk Bilgisayar Vir\u00fcs\u00fc Ne Zaman Ortaya \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tarihte ilk bilgisayar vir\u00fcs\u00fc kabul edilen program Creeper, 1971 y\u0131l\u0131nda BBN Technologies b\u00fcnyesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Bob Thomas taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131ld\u0131. Creeper, ARPANET \u00fczerindeki TENEX i\u015fletim sistemli DEC PDP-10 makineleri aras\u0131nda dola\u015f\u0131yor ve girdi\u011fi her ekrana kendisini yakalamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara meydan okuyan k\u0131sa bir mesaj b\u0131rak\u0131yordu. Dosya silmiyor, veri \u00e7alm\u0131yor, sistemi \u00e7\u00f6kertmiyordu. Tek amac\u0131, kendi kendine hareket edebilen bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmekti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lgin\u00e7 olan, ilk antivir\u00fcs \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn de hemen ard\u0131ndan gelmesi. Ray Tomlinson’\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Reaper adl\u0131 program a\u011fda dola\u015f\u0131p Creeper kopyalar\u0131n\u0131 temizliyordu. Yani bilgisayar vir\u00fcs\u00fc ile ona kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirilen savunma neredeyse ayn\u0131 ya\u015ftad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vir\u00fcs Kelimesi Bu Yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar \u0130\u00e7in Nas\u0131l Kullan\u0131lmaya Ba\u015fland\u0131?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kavram\u0131n teorik temeli \u00e7ok daha eskiye, John von Neumann’\u0131n 1940’lar\u0131n sonunda ortaya att\u0131\u011f\u0131 kendi kendini \u00e7o\u011faltan otomatlar fikrine dayan\u0131yor. Terimin akademik literat\u00fcre girmesi ise 1983’te oldu. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Fred Cohen, dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Leonard Adleman’\u0131n \u00f6nerisiyle bu t\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 vir\u00fcs olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131 ve bir bilgisayar vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc kendisini ba\u015fka programlara kopyalayarak \u00e7o\u011falan kod par\u00e7as\u0131 \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlad\u0131. Cohen’in deneyleri, iyi korundu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen sistemlerin bile saatler i\u00e7inde ele ge\u00e7irilebildi\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ki\u015fisel Bilgisayarlara Yay\u0131lan \u0130lk Vir\u00fcs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Laboratuvar ortam\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kan ilk \u00f6rnek 1982’de geldi. O s\u0131rada hen\u00fcz on be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131nda bir lise \u00f6\u011frencisi olan Rich Skrenta, Apple II bilgisayarlar i\u00e7in Elk Cloner’\u0131 yazd\u0131. Yaz\u0131l\u0131m disketin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne yerle\u015fiyor, bula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 makinede ellinci a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015fta ekrana kendini \u00f6ven \u015fakac\u0131 bir \u015fiir yazd\u0131r\u0131yordu. Skrenta’n\u0131n niyeti arkada\u015flar\u0131na e\u015fek \u015fakas\u0131 yapmaktan ibaretti. Ancak elden ele dola\u015fan disketler sayesinde bu zararl\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m beklenenden \u00e7ok daha geni\u015f bir \u00e7evreye ula\u015ft\u0131 ve kontrolden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Brain<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Brain Neden Bir D\u00f6n\u00fcm Noktas\u0131 Say\u0131l\u0131yor?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

MS-DOS \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran ki\u015fisel bilgisayarlar\u0131 hedef alan ilk bilgisayar vir\u00fcs\u00fc 1986’da Pakistan’\u0131n Lahor \u015fehrinde yaz\u0131ld\u0131. Basit ve Amjad Farooq Alvi karde\u015fler, geli\u015ftirdikleri t\u0131bbi yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n korsan kopyalar\u0131n\u0131 takip etmek amac\u0131yla Brain’i haz\u0131rlad\u0131. Yaz\u0131l\u0131m disketin boot sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftiriyor, i\u00e7ine karde\u015flerin adlar\u0131n\u0131, adreslerini ve telefon numaralar\u0131n\u0131 yerle\u015ftiriyordu. K\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan telefonlar gelmeye ba\u015flay\u0131nca karde\u015fler durumun ciddiyetini fark etti. Brain, bir bilgisayar vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn co\u011frafi s\u0131n\u0131r tan\u0131madan yay\u0131labilece\u011fini kan\u0131tlayan ilk \u00f6rnek oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zarars\u0131z \u015eakalar Ciddi Bir Tehdide D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

As\u0131l k\u0131r\u0131lma noktas\u0131 1988’deki Morris solucan\u0131 oldu. Robert Tappan Morris’in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 program internete ba\u011fl\u0131 binlerce makineyi kullan\u0131lamaz hale getirdi ve ABD’de bilgisayar su\u00e7lar\u0131 yasas\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki ilk mahk\u00fbmiyetlerden birine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Bu olaydan sonra bilgisayar vir\u00fcs\u00fc yazmak teknik bir merak olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p ciddi bir su\u00e7 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. 1990’larda Word belgeleri \u00fczerinden yay\u0131lan makro vir\u00fcsler, 2000’lerde ise e-posta ekleriyle milyonlarca kullan\u0131c\u0131ya ula\u015fan solucanlar d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 \u0130lk \u00d6rneklerden Ne Kadar Farkl\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Temel mant\u0131k asl\u0131nda hi\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fmedi. Bir bilgisayar vir\u00fcs\u00fc h\u00e2l\u00e2 kendini kopyalamak ve yeni sistemlere ula\u015fmak \u00fczerine kurulu. De\u011fi\u015fen \u015fey \u00f6l\u00e7ek, h\u0131z ve niyet. Bug\u00fcn organize su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctleri ve devlet destekli gruplar, kritik altyap\u0131lar\u0131 hedef alan \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar d\u00fczenliyor. Zararl\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar art\u0131k ekrana \u015faka mesaj\u0131 yazd\u0131rm\u0131yor, fabrika hatlar\u0131n\u0131 durduruyor ya da \u015fehirlerin su sistemlerini tehdit ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yine de t\u00fcm bu karma\u015f\u0131k tehdit d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n, elli y\u0131l \u00f6nce birinin s\u0131rf merak\u0131ndan ekrana b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tek sat\u0131rl\u0131k bir mesajla ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlamakta fayda var.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Siber g\u00fcvenlik bug\u00fcn milyarlarca dolarl\u0131k bir sekt\u00f6r, ancak her \u015fey son derece masum bir deneyle ba\u015flad\u0131. Bug\u00fcn bilgisayar vir\u00fcs\u00fc denince akla fidye yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131nan banka bilgileri ve kilitlenen hastane sistemleri geliyor. Oysa ilk \u00f6rnekler zarar vermek i\u00e7in de\u011fil, sadece bir merak\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130lk Bilgisayar Vir\u00fcs\u00fc Ne Zaman Ortaya \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131? Tarihte ilk bilgisayar vir\u00fcs\u00fc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":72,"featured_media":87548,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[12253,146],"class_list":["post-87540","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yazilim","tag-bilgisayar-virusu","tag-siber-guvenlik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.indir.com\/haber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87540","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.indir.com\/haber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.indir.com\/haber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.indir.com\/haber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/72"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.indir.com\/haber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=87540"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.indir.com\/haber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87540\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":87556,"href":"https:\/\/www.indir.com\/haber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87540\/revisions\/87556"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.indir.com\/haber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/87548"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.indir.com\/haber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=87540"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.indir.com\/haber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=87540"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.indir.com\/haber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=87540"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}